עָנָה ʻânâh — to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows)
Translated in the KJV as abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer, chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble, hurt.
a primitive root (possibly rather identical with H6030 through the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows).
ʻânâh in each stem
Pi'el
Perfect (qatal) 18Imperfect (yiqtol) 11Infinitive construct 10Wayyiqtol 7Sequential perfect (weqatal) 6Infinitive absolute 2Participle (active) 2Imperative 1Jussive 1
And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
But Abram said unto Sarai, Behold, thy maid is in thy hand; do to her as it pleaseth thee. And when Sarai dealt hardly with her, she fled from her face.
If thou shalt afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt take other wives beside my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee.
Qal (Pa'al)
Imperfect (yiqtol) 4Infinitive construct 3Perfect (qatal) 1
Thou hast also given me the shield of thy salvation: and thy gentleness hath made me great.
He hath put forth his hands against such as be at peace with him: he hath broken his covenant.
I believed, therefore have I spoken: I was greatly afflicted:
Hitpa'el
Perfect (qatal) 2Infinitive construct 2Imperative 1Imperfect (yiqtol) 1
And the angel of the Lord said unto her, Return to thy mistress, and submit thyself under her hands.
And unto Abiathar the priest said the king, Get thee to Anathoth, unto thine own fields; for thou art worthy of death: but I will not at this time put thee to death, because thou barest the ark of the Lord God before David my father, and because thou hast been afflicted in all wherein my father was afflicted.
Then I proclaimed a fast there, at the river of Ahava, that we might afflict ourselves before our God, to seek of him a right way for us, and for our little ones, and for all our substance.
Niph'al
Participle (active) 2Infinitive construct 1Perfect (qatal) 1
And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.
I am afflicted very much: quicken me, O Lord, according unto thy word.
He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth: he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.
Pu'al
Imperfect (yiqtol) 1Perfect (qatal) 1Infinitive construct 1Participle (passive) 1
For whatsoever soul it be that shall not be afflicted in that same day, he shall be cut off from among his people.
It is good for me that I have been afflicted; that I might learn thy statutes.
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Participle (active) 1
When heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou afflictest them:
When the heaven is shut up, and there is no rain, because they have sinned against thee; yet if they pray toward this place, and confess thy name, and turn from their sin, when thou dost afflict them;
Every man also to whom God hath given riches and wealth, and hath given him power to eat thereof, and to take his portion, and to rejoice in his labour; this is the gift of God.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›