עָצַב ʻâtsab — properly, to carve, i.e. fabricate or fashion
Translated in the KJV as displease, grieve, hurt, make, be sorry, vex, worship, wrest.
a primitive root; properly, to carve, i.e. fabricate or fashion; hence (in a bad sense) to worry, pain or anger.
ʻâtsab in each stem
Niph'al
Jussive 3Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Perfect (qatal) 2
Now therefore be not grieved, nor angry with yourselves, that ye sold me hither: for God did send me before you to preserve life.
And David sware moreover, and said, Thy father certainly knoweth that I have found grace in thine eyes; and he saith, Let not Jonathan know this, lest he be grieved: but truly as the Lord liveth, and as thy soul liveth, there is but a step between me and death.
So Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did eat no meat the second day of the month: for he was grieved for David, because his father had done him shame.
Qal (Pa'al)
Perfect (qatal) 1Infinitive construct 1Participle (passive) 1
And his father had not displeased him at any time in saying, Why hast thou done so? and he also was a very goodly man; and his mother bare him after Absalom.
And Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, Oh that thou wouldest bless me indeed, and enlarge my coast, and that thine hand might be with me, and that thou wouldest keep me from evil, that it may not grieve me! And God granted him that which he requested.
For the Lord hath called thee as a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit, and a wife of youth, when thou wast refused, saith thy God.
Pi'el
Perfect (qatal) 1Imperfect (yiqtol) 1Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1
Thine hands have made me and fashioned me together round about; yet thou dost destroy me.
They gather themselves together, they hide themselves, they mark my steps, when they wait for my soul.
But they rebelled, and vexed his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, and he fought against them.
Hitpa'el
Wayyiqtol 2
And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him at his heart.
And the sons of Jacob came out of the field when they heard it: and the men were grieved, and they were very wroth, because he had wrought folly in Israel in lying with Jacob’s daughter; which thing ought not to be done.
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 1Infinitive construct 1
How oft did they provoke him in the wilderness, and grieve him in the desert!
And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven, and poured out drink offerings unto her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men?
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›