חָרַף châraph — to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to expose (as by stripping)
Translated in the KJV as betroth, blaspheme, defy, jeopard, rail, reproach, upbraid.
a primitive root; also denominative (from H2779); to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame; to spend the winter.
châraph in each stem
Pi'el
Perfect (qatal) 22Infinitive construct 7Imperfect (yiqtol) 3Wayyiqtol 2Participle (active) 1
Zebulun and Naphtali were a people that jeoparded their lives unto the death in the high places of the field.
And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary?
And the Philistine said, I defy the armies of Israel this day; give me a man, that we may fight together.
Qal (Pa'al)
Participle (active) 3Imperfect (yiqtol) 2
My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproach me so long as I live.
When I wept, and chastened my soul with fasting, that was to my reproach.
So shall I have wherewith to answer him that reproacheth me: for I trust in thy word.
Niph'al
Participle (active) 1
And whosoever lieth carnally with a woman, that is a bondmaid, betrothed to an husband, and not at all redeemed, nor freedom given her; she shall be scourged; they shall not be put to death, because she was not free.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›