חָרַשׁ chârash — to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough
Translated in the KJV as × altogether, cease, conceal, be deaf, devise, ear, graven, imagine, leave off speaking, hold peace, plow(-er, man).
a primitive root; to scratch, i.e. (by implication) to engrave, plough; hence (from the use of tools) to fabricate (of any material); figuratively, to devise (in a bad sense); hence (from the idea of secrecy) to be silent, to let alone; hence (by implication) to be deaf (as an accompaniment of dumbness).
chârash in each stem
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 13Imperative 6Participle (active) 5Perfect (qatal) 5Sequential perfect (weqatal) 4Infinitive absolute 3Wayyiqtol 3Jussive 1
And the man wondering at her held his peace, to wit whether the Lord had made his journey prosperous or not.
And Jacob heard that he had defiled Dinah his daughter: now his sons were with his cattle in the field: and Jacob held his peace until they were come.
The Lord shall fight for you, and ye shall hold your peace.
Qal (Pa'al)
Participle (active) 11Jussive 7Imperfect (yiqtol) 6Perfect (qatal) 3Infinitive construct 1Participle (passive) 1
Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together.
And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun went down, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.
And he will appoint him captains over thousands, and captains over fifties; and will set them to ear his ground, and to reap his harvest, and to make his instruments of war, and instruments of his chariots.
Niph'al
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2
Micah the Morasthite prophesied in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and spake to all the people of Judah, saying, Thus saith the Lord of hosts; Zion shall be plowed like a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of a forest.
Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed as a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.
Hitpa'el
Wayyiqtol 1
And it was told the Gazites, saying, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›