דָּכָא dâkâʼ — to crumble
Translated in the KJV as beat to pieces, break, bruise, contrite, crush, destroy, humble, oppress, smite.
a primitive root (compare H1794); to crumble; transitively, to bruise (literally or figuratively).
dâkâʼ in each stem
Pi'el
Imperfect (yiqtol) 6Perfect (qatal) 2Infinitive construct 2Jussive 1
How much less in them that dwell in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust, which are crushed before the moth?
Even that it would please God to destroy me; that he would let loose his hand, and cut me off!
How long will ye vex my soul, and break me in pieces with words?
Pu'al
Participle (passive) 2Imperfect (yiqtol) 1Perfect (qatal) 1
Thou hast sent widows away empty, and the arms of the fatherless have been broken.
And they shall be broken in the purposes thereof, all that make sluices and ponds for fish.
But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
Hitpa'el
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2
His children are far from safety, and they are crushed in the gate, neither is there any to deliver them.
Therefore he knoweth their works, and he overturneth them in the night, so that they are destroyed.
Niph'al
Participle (active) 1
For thus saith the high and lofty One that inhabiteth eternity, whose name is Holy; I dwell in the high and holy place, with him also that is of a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›