גָּעַשׁ gâʻash — to agitate violently

pronounced gaw-ash' · Strong's H1607 · 10 occurrences in the Hebrew Bible · 4 stems: Hitpa'el, Hitpolel, Pu'al, Qal (Pa'al)

Translated in the KJV as move, shake, toss, trouble.

a primitive root; to agitate violently.

gâʻash in each stem

Hitpa'el 6×

Intensive · reflexive — the action intensified, repeated or brought about; the subject does it to or for themselves

Wayyiqtol 5Imperfect (yiqtol) 1

ותגעש 2Sam 22:8 Wayyiqtol, 3rd person masculine singular

Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations of heaven moved and shook, because he was wroth. (KJV)

וַ֝יִּתְגָּֽעֲשׁ֗וּ Ps 18:8 Wayyiqtol, 3rd person masculine plural

There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. (KJV)

וַיִּֽתְגָּעֲשׁוּ֙ Jer 5:22 Wayyiqtol, 3rd person masculine plural

Fear ye not me? saith the Lord: will ye not tremble at my presence, which have placed the sand for the bound of the sea by a perpetual decree, that it cannot pass it: and though the waves thereof toss themselves, yet can they not prevail; though they roar, yet can they not pass over it? (KJV)

Hitpolel 2×

Intensive · reflexive — the action intensified, repeated or brought about; the subject does it to or for themselves

Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1Imperfect (yiqtol) 1

וְהִֽתְגֹּֽעֲשׁ֖וּ Jer 25:16 Sequential perfect (weqatal), 3rd person common plural

And they shall drink, and be moved, and be mad, because of the sword that I will send among them. (KJV)

יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ Jer 46:8 Imperfect (yiqtol), 3rd person masculine plural

Egypt riseth up like a flood, and his waters are moved like the rivers; and he saith, I will go up, and will cover the earth; I will destroy the city and the inhabitants thereof. (KJV)

Pu'al 1×

Intensive · passive — the action intensified, repeated or brought about; the subject has it done to them

Imperfect (yiqtol) 1

יְגֹעֲשׁ֣וּ Job 34:20 Imperfect (yiqtol), 3rd person masculine plural

In a moment shall they die, and the people shall be troubled at midnight, and pass away: and the mighty shall be taken away without hand. (KJV)

Qal (Pa'al) 1×

Simple · active — the plain action; the subject does it

Wayyiqtol 1

וַתִּגְעַ֬שׁ Ps 18:8 Wayyiqtol, 3rd person feminine singular

There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were kindled by it. (KJV)

What the stems mean

A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›

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In the app, tap any Hebrew verb while reading: its root, stem and form are named, the letters of the word itself are coloured to show which is which, and the stem's meaning is put in plain English. gâʻash in the lexicon ›

Morphology from OpenScriptures MorphHB (CC BY 4.0); definitions from Strong's Hebrew Lexicon (public domain); text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex.

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