כָּאַב kâʼab — properly, to feel pain
Translated in the KJV as grieving, mar, have pain, make sad, sorrowful.
a primitive root; properly, to feel pain; by implication, to grieve; figuratively, to spoil.
kâʼab in each stem
Qal (Pa'al)
Participle (active) 2Imperfect (yiqtol) 2
And it came to pass on the third day, when they were sore, that two of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brethren, took each man his sword, and came upon the city boldly, and slew all the males.
But his flesh upon him shall have pain, and his soul within him shall mourn.
I will praise the name of God with a song, and will magnify him with thanksgiving.
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Perfect (qatal) 1Participle (active) 1
And ye shall smite every fenced city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all wells of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.
For he maketh sore, and bindeth up: he woundeth, and his hands make whole.
Because with lies ye have made the heart of the righteous sad, whom I have not made sad; and strengthened the hands of the wicked, that he should not return from his wicked way, by promising him life:
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›