כָּשַׁל kâshal — to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle)
Translated in the KJV as bereave, cast down, be decayed, fail, (cause, make to) fall (down, -ing), feeble, be ruin(-ed, of), overthrown, stumble.
a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall.
kâshal in each stem
Qal (Pa'al)
Perfect (qatal) 15Sequential perfect (weqatal) 8Participle (active) 6Infinitive absolute 1
And they shall fall one upon another, as it were before a sword, when none pursueth: and ye shall have no power to stand before your enemies.
And the men which were expressed by name rose up, and took the captives, and with the spoil clothed all that were naked among them, and arrayed them, and shod them, and gave them to eat and to drink, and anointed them, and carried all the feeble of them upon asses, and brought them to Jericho, the city of palm trees, to their brethren: then they returned to Samaria.
Hear, O our God; for we are despised: and turn their reproach upon their own head, and give them for a prey in the land of captivity:
Niph'al
Imperfect (yiqtol) 16Sequential perfect (weqatal) 3Infinitive construct 2Participle (active) 1Participle (passive) 1
The bows of the mighty men are broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.
For thou hast maintained my right and my cause; thou satest in the throne judging right.
When thou goest, thy steps shall not be straitened; and when thou runnest, thou shalt not stumble.
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 4Infinitive construct 2Wayyiqtol 2Perfect (qatal) 2
But if thou wilt go, do it, be strong for the battle: God shall make thee fall before the enemy: for God hath power to help, and to cast down.
For he sacrificed unto the gods of Damascus, which smote him: and he said, Because the gods of the kings of Syria help them, therefore will I sacrifice to them, that they may help me. But they were the ruin of him, and of all Israel.
And all men shall fear, and shall declare the work of God; for they shall wisely consider of his doing.
Hoph'al
Participle (passive) 1
Yet, Lord, thou knowest all their counsel against me to slay me: forgive not their iniquity, neither blot out their sin from thy sight, but let them be overthrown before thee; deal thus with them in the time of thine anger.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›