מָרַר mârar — to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)
Translated in the KJV as (be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, -ness), be moved with choler, have sorely, it) grieved, provoke, vex.
a primitive root; properly, to trickle (see H4752); but used only as a denominative from H4751; to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively).
mârar in each stem
Hiph'il
Perfect (qatal) 2Jussive 1Infinitive absolute 1Infinitive construct 1
Beware of him, and obey his voice, provoke him not; for he will not pardon your transgressions: for my name is in him.
And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara: for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.
As God liveth, who hath taken away my judgment; and the Almighty, who hath vexed my soul;
Qal (Pa'al)
Perfect (qatal) 3Imperfect (yiqtol) 1
Would ye tarry for them till they were grown? would ye stay for them from having husbands? nay, my daughters; for it grieveth me much for your sakes that the hand of the Lord is gone out against me.
And when she came to the man of God to the hill, she caught him by the feet: but Gehazi came near to thrust her away. And the man of God said, Let her alone; for her soul is vexed within her: and the Lord hath hid it from me, and hath not told me.
They shall not drink wine with a song; strong drink shall be bitter to them that drink it.
Pi'el
Wayyiqtol 2Imperfect (yiqtol) 1
The archers have sorely grieved him, and shot at him, and hated him:
And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.
Therefore said I, Look away from me; I will weep bitterly, labour not to comfort me, because of the spoiling of the daughter of my people.
Hitpalpel
Wayyiqtol 1Imperfect (yiqtol) 1
And I saw him come close unto the ram, and he was moved with choler against him, and smote the ram, and brake his two horns: and there was no power in the ram to stand before him, but he cast him down to the ground, and stamped upon him: and there was none that could deliver the ram out of his hand.
And the king of the south shall be moved with choler, and shall come forth and fight with him, even with the king of the north: and he shall set forth a great multitude; but the multitude shall be given into his hand.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›