קָשָׁה qâshâh — properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
Translated in the KJV as be cruel, be fiercer, make grievous, be, be in, have, seem, would) hard(-en, -ly, thing), be sore, (be.
a primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. tough or severe (in various applications).
qâshâh in each stem
Hiph'il
Perfect (qatal) 8Wayyiqtol 6Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Jussive 2Participle (active) 2Infinitive construct 1
And it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the midwife said unto her, Fear not; thou shalt have this son also.
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the Lord slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.
Qal (Pa'al)
Perfect (qatal) 2Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Wayyiqtol 1
Cursed be their anger, for it was fierce; and their wrath, for it was cruel: I will divide them in Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.
Ye shall not respect persons in judgment; but ye shall hear the small as well as the great; ye shall not be afraid of the face of man; for the judgment is God’s: and the cause that is too hard for you, bring it unto me, and I will hear it.
It shall not seem hard unto thee, when thou sendest him away free from thee; for he hath been worth a double hired servant to thee, in serving thee six years: and the Lord thy God shall bless thee in all that thou doest.
Pi'el
Wayyiqtol 1
And they journeyed from Beth–el; and there was but a little way to come to Ephrath: and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour.
Niph'al
Participle (active) 1
And they shall pass through it, hardly bestead and hungry: and it shall come to pass, that when they shall be hungry, they shall fret themselves, and curse their king and their God, and look upward.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›