שָׁבַת shâbath — to repose, i.e. desist from exertion
Translated in the KJV as (cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause to fail, keep, suffer to be lacking, leave, put away, rest, rid, still.
a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used in many implied relations (causative, figurative or specific).
shâbath in each stem
Hiph'il
Sequential perfect (weqatal) 18Perfect (qatal) 10Imperfect (yiqtol) 4Wayyiqtol 2Infinitive construct 2Participle (active) 2Cohortative 1Imperative 1
And Pharaoh said, Behold, the people of the land now are many, and ye make them rest from their burdens.
Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.
And every oblation of thy meat offering shalt thou season with salt; neither shalt thou suffer the salt of the covenant of thy God to be lacking from thy meat offering: with all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt.
Qal (Pa'al)
Perfect (qatal) 11Imperfect (yiqtol) 11Wayyiqtol 4Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1
And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
While the earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.
Niph'al
Sequential perfect (weqatal) 4
The fortress also shall cease from Ephraim, and the kingdom from Damascus, and the remnant of Syria: they shall be as the glory of the children of Israel, saith the Lord of hosts.
In all your dwellingplaces the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be desolate; that your altars may be laid waste and made desolate, and your idols may be broken and cease, and your images may be cut down, and your works may be abolished.
At Tehaphnehes also the day shall be darkened, when I shall break there the yokes of Egypt: and the pomp of her strength shall cease in her: as for her, a cloud shall cover her, and her daughters shall go into captivity.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›