שָׁדַד shâdad — properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable)
Translated in the KJV as dead, destroy, oppress, robber, spoil, × utterly, waste.
a primitive root; properly, to be burly, i.e. (figuratively) powerful (passively, impregnable); by implication, to ravage.
shâdad in each stem
Qal (Pa'al)
Participle (active) 20Participle (passive) 4Imperfect (yiqtol) 3Perfect (qatal) 1Infinitive construct 1Imperative 1Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1Infinitive absolute 1
At her feet he bowed, he fell, he lay down: at her feet he bowed, he fell: where he bowed, there he fell down dead.
The tabernacles of robbers prosper, and they that provoke God are secure; into whose hand God bringeth abundantly.
A dreadful sound is in his ears: in prosperity the destroyer shall come upon him.
Pu'al
Perfect (qatal) 20
The burden of Moab. Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence; because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste, and brought to silence;
The burden of Tyre. Howl, ye ships of Tarshish; for it is laid waste, so that there is no house, no entering in: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them.
Howl, ye ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste.
Pi'el
Participle (active) 1Jussive 1
He that wasteth his father, and chaseth away his mother, is a son that causeth shame, and bringeth reproach.
Lay not wait, O wicked man, against the dwelling of the righteous; spoil not his resting place:
Qal passive
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2
Woe to thee that spoilest, and thou wast not spoiled; and dealest treacherously, and they dealt not treacherously with thee! when thou shalt cease to spoil, thou shalt be spoiled; and when thou shalt make an end to deal treacherously, they shall deal treacherously with thee.
Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people, and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Beth–arbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children.
Po'el
Imperfect (yiqtol) 1
Their heart is divided; now shall they be found faulty: he shall break down their altars, he shall spoil their images.
Niph'al
Perfect (qatal) 1
In that day shall one take up a parable against you, and lament with a doleful lamentation, and say, We be utterly spoiled: he hath changed the portion of my people: how hath he removed it from me! turning away he hath divided our fields.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›