שָׁלַם shâlam — to be safe (in mind, body or estate)
Translated in the KJV as make amends, end, finish, full, give again, make good, pay, peace, that is perfect, perform, prosper, recompense.
a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate); figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in various applications).
shâlam in each stem
Pi'el
Imperfect (yiqtol) 47Sequential perfect (weqatal) 9Participle (active) 7Imperative 6Perfect (qatal) 5Infinitive absolute 5Cohortative 5Infinitive construct 4Jussive 1
And when they were gone out of the city, and not yet far off, Joseph said unto his steward, Up, follow after the men; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good?
The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto the owner of them; and the dead beast shall be his.
Or if it be known that the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his own.
Hiph'il
Imperfect (yiqtol) 7Perfect (qatal) 3Wayyiqtol 3
And if it will make no peace with thee, but will make war against thee, then thou shalt besiege it:
Now it came to pass, when Adoni–zedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them;
Come up unto me, and help me, that we may smite Gibeon: for it hath made peace with Joshua and with the children of Israel.
Qal (Pa'al)
Wayyiqtol 4Participle (passive) 1Imperative 1Participle (active) 1Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1
I am one of them that are peaceable and faithful in Israel: thou seekest to destroy a city and a mother in Israel: why wilt thou swallow up the inheritance of the Lord?
So was ended all the work that king Solomon made for the house of the Lord. And Solomon brought in the things which David his father had dedicated; even the silver, and the gold, and the vessels, did he put among the treasures of the house of the Lord.
Thus all the work that Solomon made for the house of the Lord was finished: and Solomon brought in all the things that David his father had dedicated; and the silver, and the gold, and all the instruments, put he among the treasures of the house of God.
Pu'al
Imperfect (yiqtol) 4Participle (passive) 1
O thou that hearest prayer, unto thee shall all flesh come.
Behold, the righteous shall be recompensed in the earth: much more the wicked and the sinner.
Whoso despiseth the word shall be destroyed: but he that feareth the commandment shall be rewarded.
Hoph'al
Perfect (qatal) 1
For thou shalt be in league with the stones of the field: and the beasts of the field shall be at peace with thee.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›