שָׁפַךְ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal
Translated in the KJV as cast, gush out, pour, shed(-der, out), slip.
a primitive root; to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively, to sprawl out.
shâphak in each stem
Qal (Pa'al)
Imperfect (yiqtol) 21Perfect (qatal) 19Infinitive construct 16Wayyiqtol 12Participle (active) 10Sequential perfect (weqatal) 10Imperative 8Participle (passive) 3Jussive 2Cohortative 1
Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
And Reuben said unto them, Shed no blood, but cast him into this pit that is in the wilderness, and lay no hand upon him; that he might rid him out of their hands, to deliver him to his father again.
And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land.
Niph'al
Imperfect (yiqtol) 3Perfect (qatal) 3Wayyiqtol 1Infinitive construct 1
Whoso sheddeth man’s blood, by man shall his blood be shed: for in the image of God made he man.
And thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, the flesh and the blood, upon the altar of the Lord thy God: and the blood of thy sacrifices shall be poured out upon the altar of the Lord thy God, and thou shalt eat the flesh.
That innocent blood be not shed in thy land, which the Lord thy God giveth thee for an inheritance, and so blood be upon thee.
Hitpa'el
Imperfect (yiqtol) 2Infinitive construct 1
And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.
They say to their mothers, Where is corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city, when their soul was poured out into their mothers’ bosom.
How is the gold become dim! how is the most fine gold changed! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street.
Qal passive
Perfect (qatal) 2Sequential perfect (weqatal) 1
But as for me, my feet were almost gone; my steps had well nigh slipped.
And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like blind men, because they have sinned against the Lord: and their blood shall be poured out as dust, and their flesh as the dung.
Pu'al
Perfect (qatal) 1
So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.
What the stems mean
A Hebrew verb is its root letters set into a pattern. The pattern — the binyan — is the grammar's way of saying three things at once: whether the action is simple, intensive or causative, and whether its subject is active, passive or reflexive. That is why one Hebrew word can need six English ones. All seven binyanim, explained ›