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The Tribe of Ephraim — the name, the blessing and the land

אֶפְרַיִם

ʼEphrayim · pronounced ef-rah'-yim · Strong's H669 · named 164 times

The fruitful younger son — set before his brother

The tribe of Ephraim
Ephraim

What the tribe was

Ephraim — 'fruitfulness' — received the crossed-hands blessing and became the leading tribe of the north: Joshua the conqueror was an Ephraimite, Shiloh with the tabernacle stood in Ephraim's hills, and 'Ephraim' becomes the prophets' name for the whole northern kingdom. Strength that forgets its source drifts — Hosea's grief over Ephraim is Scripture's tenderest lament — yet the promise stands: 'I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn' (Jer 31:9).

Jacob's blessing — Gen 48:17-20

וַיַּ֣רְא יוֹסֵ֗ף כִּי יָשִׁ֨ית אָבִ֧יו יַד יְמִינ֛וֹ עַל רֹ֥אשׁ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וַיֵּ֣רַע בְּעֵינָ֑יו וַיִּתְמֹ֣ךְ יַד אָבִ֗יו לְהָסִ֥יר אֹתָ֛הּ מֵעַ֥ל רֹאשׁ אֶפְרַ֖יִם עַל רֹ֥אשׁ מְנַשֶּֽׁה

And when Joseph saw that his father laid his right hand upon the head of Ephraim, it displeased him: and he held up his father’s hand, to remove it from Ephraim’s head unto Manasseh’s head.

וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶל אָבִ֖יו לֹא כֵ֣ן אָבִ֑י כִּי זֶ֣ה הַבְּכֹ֔ר שִׂ֥ים יְמִינְךָ֖ עַל רֹאשֽׁוֹ

And Joseph said unto his father, Not so, my father: for this is the firstborn; put thy right hand upon his head.

וַיְמָאֵ֣ן אָבִ֗יו וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ יָדַ֤עְתִּֽי בְנִי֙ יָדַ֔עְתִּי גַּם ה֥וּא יִֽהְיֶה לְּעָ֖ם וְגַם ה֣וּא יִגְדָּ֑ל וְאוּלָ֗ם אָחִ֤יו הַקָּטֹן֙ יִגְדַּ֣ל מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְזַרְע֖וֹ יִהְיֶ֥ה מְלֹֽא הַגּוֹיִֽם

And his father refused, and said, I know it, my son, I know it: he also shall become a people, and he also shall be great: but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he, and his seed shall become a multitude of nations.

וַיְבָ֨רֲכֵ֜ם בַּיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֮ לֵאמוֹר֒ בְּךָ֗ יְבָרֵ֤ךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְשִֽׂמְךָ֣ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כְּאֶפְרַ֖יִם וְכִמְנַשֶּׁ֑ה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת אֶפְרַ֖יִם לִפְנֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה

And he blessed them that day, saying, In thee shall Israel bless, saying, God make thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh: and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.

Jacob blessed Ephraim directly, crossing his hands to set the younger before Manasseh (Genesis 48) — and Ephraim also shares the great blessing of Joseph, 'a fruitful bough by a well' (Gen 49:22-26).

Moses' blessing — Deut 33:13-17

וּלְיוֹסֵ֣ף אָמַ֔ר מְבֹרֶ֥כֶת יְהֹוָ֖ה אַרְצ֑וֹ מִמֶּ֤גֶד שָׁמַ֨יִם֙ מִטָּ֔ל וּמִתְּה֖וֹם רֹבֶ֥צֶת תָּֽחַת

And of Joseph he said, Blessed of the Lord be his land, for the precious things of heaven, for the dew, and for the deep that coucheth beneath,

וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד תְּבוּאֹ֣ת שָׁ֑מֶשׁ וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גֶּ֥רֶשׁ יְרָחִֽים

And for the precious fruits brought forth by the sun, and for the precious things put forth by the moon,

וּמֵרֹ֖אשׁ הַרְרֵי קֶ֑דֶם וּמִמֶּ֖גֶד גִּבְע֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם

And for the chief things of the ancient mountains, and for the precious things of the lasting hills,

וּמִמֶּ֗גֶד אֶ֚רֶץ וּמְלֹאָ֔הּ וּרְצ֥וֹן שֹׁכְנִ֖י סְנֶ֑ה תָּב֨וֹאתָה֙ לְרֹ֣אשׁ יוֹסֵ֔ף וּלְקָדְקֹ֖ד נְזִ֥יר אֶחָֽיו

And for the precious things of the earth and fulness thereof, and for the good will of him that dwelt in the bush: let the blessing come upon the head of Joseph, and upon the top of the head of him that was separated from his brethren.

בְּכ֨וֹר שׁוֹר֜וֹ הָדָ֣ר ל֗וֹ וְקַרְנֵ֤י רְאֵם֙ קַרְנָ֔יו בָּהֶ֗ם עַמִּ֛ים יְנַגַּ֥ח יַחְדָּ֖ו אַפְסֵי אָ֑רֶץ וְהֵם֙ רִבְב֣וֹת אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהֵ֖ם אַלְפֵ֥י מְנַשֶּֽׁה

His glory is like the firstling of his bullock, and his horns are like the horns of unicorns: with them he shall push the people together to the ends of the earth: and they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.

Moses' blessing of Joseph (Deut 33:13-17) closes on both sons: 'they are the ten thousands of Ephraim, and they are the thousands of Manasseh.'

Who came out of Ephraim

Joshua — Num 13:8Deborah (judged in mount Ephraim) — Judg 4:5Samuel (raised at Shiloh) — 1Sam 1:1Jeroboam son of Nebat — 1Kgs 11:26

Moments in the story

Gen 48:14The crossed-hands blessing

Josh 1:1Joshua of Ephraim leads Israel

Josh 18:1The tabernacle at Shiloh

Hos 11:3Ephraim, the prophets' name for the north

Jer 31:9Ephraim my firstborn

Every mention

Gen 41:52Gen 46:20Gen 48:1Gen 48:5Gen 48:13Gen 48:14Gen 48:17Gen 48:20Gen 50:23Num 1:10Num 1:32Num 1:33Num 2:18Num 2:24Num 7:48Num 10:22Num 13:8Num 26:28Num 26:35Num 26:37Num 34:24Deut 33:17Deut 34:2Josh 14:4Josh 16:4Josh 16:5Josh 16:8Josh 16:9Josh 16:10Josh 17:8Josh 17:9Josh 17:10Josh 17:15Josh 17:17Josh 19:50Josh 20:7Josh 21:5Josh 21:20Josh 21:21Josh 24:30Josh 24:33Judg 1:29Judg 2:9Judg 3:27Judg 4:5Judg 5:14Judg 7:24Judg 8:1Judg 8:2Judg 10:1Judg 10:9Judg 12:1Judg 12:4Judg 12:5Judg 12:6Judg 12:15Judg 17:1Judg 17:8Judg 18:2Judg 18:13Judg 19:1Judg 19:16Judg 19:181Sam 1:11Sam 9:41Sam 14:222Sam 2:92Sam 13:232Sam 18:62Sam 20:211Kgs 4:81Kgs 12:252Kgs 5:222Kgs 14:131Chr 6:511Chr 6:521Chr 7:201Chr 7:221Chr 9:31Chr 12:31+20 more in the app

After the allotments of Joshua 13–19 · outlines adapted from the “12 Tribes of Israel” map (Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0).

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